Assessments

If you are an HOA, then you have the ability to increase HOA dues to help pay for the network. The economic theory here is that even if any one particular resident isn't going to initially sign up for service, they still benefit from the increase property values that a gigabit fiber network will bring.

Usually a balance between assessments and money gathered from monthly subscribers fees is done.

The HOA will still need access to construction funds - an assessment can only be used to pay off loans. So bank loans or loans/equity from community members is still necessary.

This web site provides information on creating improvement districts that can be used to levy charges against homeowners even if you are not part of an HOA.